What Is Periodontal Disease and How Can You Prevent It?

Causes of Periodontal Disease

Understanding the causes of periodontal disease is key to preventing its development. It is important to know what contributes to plaque buildup and what factors can make you more susceptible to this condition.

• Plaque Buildup: 

Plaque forms on your teeth after eating and drinking. If not removed by brushing and flossing, plaque hardens into tartar. Plaque and tartar irritate the gums, leading to inflammation and infection, which is the starting point for periodontal disease.

• Smoking and Tobacco Use: 

Smoking is a major risk factor for gum disease. The chemicals in tobacco products can damage gum tissue and reduce blood flow to the gums, impairing their ability to heal. Smokers are also more likely to have more plaque buildup and more severe forms of gum disease.

• Genetic Factors: 

While good oral hygiene can prevent most cases of periodontal disease, some people are genetically predisposed to it. Family history plays a significant role, meaning those with relatives who suffer from gum disease may be more likely to develop it themselves. Even with proper oral care, genetics can increase the risk.

Signs and Symptoms of Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease often develops gradually, and in the early stages, you may not notice any signs. However, as the condition progresses, certain symptoms will become evident. Recognising these symptoms early on can help you seek treatment before the disease becomes severe.

• Gum Bleeding: 

One of the earliest and most common signs of periodontal disease is bleeding gums. This usually occurs when brushing or flossing. Healthy gums should not bleed, so if you notice this happening regularly, it could be a sign that you have gingivitis, the early stage of gum disease.

• Persistent Bad Breath:

Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is often caused by bacteria in the mouth that thrive in infected gums. The bacteria produce foul-smelling compounds that result in chronic bad breath. If you notice a persistent bad taste in your mouth, it could be a warning sign of periodontal disease.

• Loose or Shifting Teeth: 

In the more advanced stages of gum disease, the bone supporting your teeth can deteriorate, causing teeth to loosen or shift. This may make chewing uncomfortable or lead to noticeable changes in your bite. If left untreated, severe gum disease can eventually result in tooth loss.

Treatment Options for Periodontal Disease

If you’ve been diagnosed with periodontal disease, don’t worry. There are a variety of treatment options available depending on the severity of the condition. Early detection and intervention can prevent the disease from progressing to more severe stages.

• Scaling and Root Planing: 

This non-surgical treatment is often the first line of defence against gum disease. Scaling involves removing plaque and tartar from the surface of your teeth and below the gumline, while root planing smooths the roots of the teeth to help the gums reattach. This deep cleaning procedure helps to reduce gum inflammation and promote healing.

• Surgical Procedures: 

In cases where the disease has caused significant damage to the gums or bone, surgical procedures may be necessary. Gum grafts can restore lost tissue, while flap surgery may be used to access and clean the roots of teeth. These procedures help to regenerate lost gum and bone tissue and improve the health and appearance of your smile.